广泛期小细胞肺癌的免疫治疗进展 

李江明 

解放军92493部队医院科室，辽宁葫芦岛，125001；

摘要：小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer, SCLC)是一种具有高度侵袭性和破坏性的恶性肿瘤，其特征是快速生长和早期转移。SCLC又可分为局限期小细胞肺癌（limited-stage small cell lung cancer, LS-SCLC）和广泛期小细胞肺癌（extensive-stage small cell lung cancer, ES-SCLC）。超过 2/3 的患者初诊为ES-SCLC。与非小细胞肺癌不同，潜在治疗靶点相关的基因突变并不常见。虽大多数患者对一线化疗有反应，但大部分患者会迅速复发，预后较差。近年来，免疫检查点抑制剂的出现显著改变了ES-SCLC的治疗方法。这些药物能够有效阻断肿瘤细胞、免疫细胞、成纤维细胞和内皮细胞的免疫调节检查点，从而重新激活T细胞对肿瘤的攻击，取得了重要的治疗进展。但总体来说，免疫单药治疗的应答率相对较低,并且仍然却缺少有效的生物标志物可以预测免疫治疗的效果。SCLC免疫治疗的未来探索一直备受关注。

关键词：广泛期；小细胞肺癌；免疫；治疗

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