
info@juzhikan.asia
南京体育学院,江苏南京,210014;
摘要:经颅干扰电刺激(如tDCS和rTMS)调控小脑-皮层通路已成为改善动态平衡能力的研究热点。小脑在运动协调和动态平衡控制中发挥着核心作用,其与皮层区域的功能连接对运动表现至关重要。研究表明,通过对小脑或运动皮层进行非侵入性电刺激,可以调节其神经活动,进而改善平衡能力。基础研究发现,tDCS和rTMS能够通过增强神经可塑性,促进小脑-皮层通路的重塑,从而改善平衡控制。例如,低频rTMS对小脑的刺激已被证明能改善步态稳定性和姿势控制。临床研究则关注这些技术在不同患者群体中的应用效果。在老年人群体中,tDCS已被用于改善平衡能力,减少跌倒风险;在中风和帕金森病患者中,rTMS的应用有助于恢复运动功能和协调性。尽管取得了一定进展,但仍存在刺激参数优化、个体差异性和长期效果等问题。未来的研究应聚焦于多靶点刺激策略、个性化干预方案以及联合运动训练的综合干预模式,以期实现更有效的动态平衡恢复。
关键词:经颅干扰电刺激;tDCS;rTMS;小脑-皮层通路;动态平衡能力;神经可塑性;运动协调;康复治疗
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