停课与洗手对学校流行性感冒疫情传播的影响
嵇冬静 施晴 李升华 李莹*

苏州市吴江区疾病预防控制中心，江苏苏州，215200；

摘要：目的 评价停课和洗手两种干预措施对学生洗手知识掌握及行为改变的影响和对流行性感冒疫情传播的影响。方法 对有流感病例的班级随机分为三组：停课组全员停课4天，洗手组进行洗手知识宣教，每次进入教室均用酒精类洗手液洗手，非干预组按照常规方式处置。干预两周后，分析干预前后学生手部卫生知识认知情况及行为改变，比较各组流感发病率。结果 干预前后停课组和洗手组两组的洗手指征认知均有所提高（P值分别为0.011和＜0.001）；停课组和洗手组在干预前后总卫生习惯和咳嗽习惯均有显著性提高（P值均＜0.001），非干预组干预前后无显著性变化，干预后洗手组的总卫生习惯和咳嗽习惯均优于非干预组（P＜0.001）。停课组、洗手组和非干预组三组发病率分别为2.58%、4.41%、6.26%，停课组发病率低于洗手组和非干预组（F=3.865, P =0.044），洗手组发病率与非干预组无显著区别（P =0.546）。 结论 停课可降低学校流行性感冒发病率；洗手干预措施有效提高了学生卫生习惯，但并未发现洗手对学校流行性感冒的发病率有明显影响，学校应加强手卫生健康知识宣传教育工作，提升儿童健康水平。

关键词：流行性感冒；手卫生；停课；小学；干预

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