数字时代美国运动员生物识别数据的隐私权保护
陆子暄

惠州学院，广东惠州，516007；

摘要：随着大数据时代到来，先进的可穿戴设备为体育领域带来新的活力，然而由此产生的运动员生物识别数据隐私权问题引起广泛关注。运动员生物识别数据（ABD）作为一类特殊数据,若被不当采集、储存和传播可能会对运动员的隐私权构成威胁。但在实践中，由于权责界定不清与监管机制缺失，相关主体非法收集并泄露数据的现象依然存在。从权利基础而言，运动员既有权掌握个人数据的所有权，也应充分享有知情同意权。以比较法视角观之，目前美国不仅在联邦和州层面都有相关立法，大部分职业体育联盟还将ABD所有权、使用范围及违约罚则纳入集体谈判协议，从而形成公私协同的治理框架。我国可借鉴美国经验，采取立法规范与合同约束相结合的路径，一方面通过立法明确生物识别数据的法律属性与处理规则，另一方面通过体育行业协议细化数据权属约定，最终为运动员生物识别数据的合规利用与风险防控提供解决方案。

关键词：美国运动员；生物识别数据；集体谈判协议；隐私权；知情同意权

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