水凝胶敷料治疗糖尿病创面的研究进展

汪旭 洪为谦

五邑大学 药学与食品工程学院，广东江门，529020；

摘要：糖尿病创面由于其慢性炎症、持续感染和组织再生障碍，成为临床治疗中的一大难题。水凝胶敷料因其高含水性、生物相容性及可调控功能，在糖尿病创面治疗中表现出显著优势。近年来，研究者围绕天然高分子水凝胶、智能响应型水凝胶和纳米复合水凝胶三大方向展开了深入探索。天然高分子水凝胶依托壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、透明质酸等材料的生物活性与可降解性，实现了良好的湿润环境构建与组织修复；智能响应型水凝胶利用糖尿病创面的高葡萄糖、酸性pH、过量ROS等微环境特征，实现药物的按需释放和动态调控；纳米复合水凝胶则通过引入金属纳米粒子、纳米酶、碳基材料或外泌体等增强敷料的抗菌性、抗氧化性和促血管生成能力。本文系统梳理了上述三类水凝胶在近三年内的构建策略、生物学功能、作用机制及代表性研究实例，指出其在糖尿病创面治疗中的关键进展及未来发展方向，旨在为高效、多功能敷料的设计与临床转化提供理论支持与实践参考。

关键词：糖尿病创面；水凝胶敷料

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