Design and Application of a State Monitoring System for Transformers and Gas-Insulated Cable Switchgear 
Chen Kai

Beijing Huachen Haozhi Technology Co., Ltd, Bei Jing, 100000；

Abstract: To ensure the safe operation of core equipment in the smart grid and to solve the problems of large blind spots, delayed warnings, and high costs in the traditional periodic maintenance model, this paper carries out the design and application research of a state monitoring system for transformers and gas-insulated cable switchgear (GIS). The system takes the Internet of Things and multi-sensor fusion technology as the core, builds a four-layer architecture of “perception–transmission–platform–application,” uses multiple types of sensors such as UHF and fiber-optic temperature measurement to comprehensively collect key equipment parameters, adopts dual-channel data transmission through 4G/5G and optical fiber, and achieves intelligent diagnosis by combining wavelet packet decomposition and machine learning models, together with 3D visualization and a three-level warning module. Through laboratory testing and field verification in a 220 kV substation, the system achieves a fault-diagnosis accuracy ≥95% and data-transmission delay ≤50 ms, reduces manual inspection frequency by 60% and maintenance costs by 45%, effectively promoting the transformation of operation and maintenance modes toward “condition-based maintenance,” and providing a reliable technical solution for the efficient operation and maintenance of smart grid equipment.

Keywords: transformer; Gas insulated cable switchgear (GIS); Status monitoring; Internet of Things; Multi sensor fusion

References

[1] Zhang Can. Intelligent Monitoring System for Operation Status of Substation Disconnectors Based on the Internet of Things [J]. Electrical Engineering and Technology, 2024(1):183-185, 188

[2] Liu Linlin, Cao Yun, Kong Xiaoyu, et al. MOEMS Optical Logic Switch State Monitoring System [J]. Journal of Detection and Control, 2024, 46(3): 66-72

[3] Zong Yao, Xiang Cuicui, Zhang Bin, et al. Design and Application Research of Comprehensive Condition Monitoring System for High-Voltage Switchgear [J]. Automation Application, 2025, 66(3): 221-224

[4] Xu Zi, Wu Qigang, Wu Shang, et al. Research on Intelligent Monitoring System for High-Voltage Disconnector Operation Status [J]. Science and Innovation, 2025(7):51-53,60

[5] Ji Tao. Development of High-Voltage Disconnector State Monitoring System Based on ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network [J]. Communication Power Technology, 2025, 42(17): 46-48