Civil Law Solutions to Disputes Arising from the Performance of China-Kazakhstan Cross-Border Commercial Contracts under the "Belt and Road" Initiative—Taking the Differences in the Application of Force Majeure Clauses as the Entry Point
Yangwan

Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty Kazakhstan, 050040;

Abstract: The "Belt and Road" Initiative has promoted the continuous deepening of cross-border commercial cooperation between China and Kazakhstan. Disputes over contract performance caused by differences in the application of force majeure clauses have become a prominent issue restricting the development of bilateral economic and trade relations. Starting from the legal basis of China-Kazakhstan cross-border commercial contracts and force majeure clauses, this paper analyzes the typical manifestations and deep-seated causes of disputes. Combining the legal practices of the two countries and the needs of regional cooperation, it constructs a civil law solution path from four dimensions: legislative coordination, judicial collaboration, contractual autonomy, and regional synergy. The study holds that through the accurate connection of legal rules, the efficient linkage of judicial mechanisms, the refined stipulation of contract clauses, and the institutional support of the "Belt and Road" cooperation framework, conflicts in the application of laws can be effectively resolved, providing stable civil law guarantees for China-Kazakhstan cross-border commercial transactions.

Keywords: "Belt and Road"; China-Kazakhstan Cross-Border Commercial Contracts; Force Majeure; Civil Law Solution Path; Legal Coordination

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