A Review of Research on the Application of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Second Language Writing Feedback 

Liu Yu

Xi'an International Studies University，Xi'an, Shaanxi Province，710000；

Abstract：Generative artificial intelligence (GAI), represented by ChatGPT, is profoundly transforming the field of feedback in second language (L2) writing instruction. This paper systematically reviews twenty-one recent core research articles to clarify the research landscape and developmental trajectory of this domain. The literature review is structured around four core dimensions: comparative studies of AI and teacher feedback, learner reception and engagement with feedback, exploration of pedagogical integration and application models, and technical characteristics and optimization pathways. The review finds that GAI demonstrates clear advantages in feedback efficiency, coverage breadth and immediacy, particularly excelling in error correction of linguistic forms and vocabulary enhancement. However, it still cannot replace teachers in areas requiring in-depth logical comprehension, personalized emotional support and heuristic guidance. Learner engagement with feedback is significantly influenced by their self-regulation capabilities and AI literacy. The “human-AI collaboration” model emerges as the most promising application paradigm, within which the teacher’s role is shifting from a “knowledge transmitter” to a “learning facilitator and AI literacy coach”. Future research should prioritize the long-term effects of GAI feedback and its cross-cultural adaptability, commit to developing more intelligent and integrated learning systems, and strengthen the construction of relevant theoretical frameworks.

Key Words: Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI); Large Language Models (LLMs); Second Language Writing Feedback; Human-AI Collaboration; AI Literacy; Learner Engagement

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